IC and Sockets
The ATMEGA8A-PU is a high-performance, low-power 8-bit AVR RISC-based Microcontroller combines 8kb ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 512B EEPROM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte oriented two-wire serial interface, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-channel in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, SPI serial port and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 2.7 to 5.5V. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and processing speed.
- High-performance, Low-power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller
- Advanced RISC Architecture
- High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments
- Atmel QTouch® Library Support
- Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection
- Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator
- External and Internal Interrupt Sources
- Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down and Standby Sleep Modes
- 2.7 to 5.5V, 0 to 16MHz Operating Voltage
- 3.6mA Active, 1.0mA Idle Mode and 0.5µA Power-down Mode Power Consumption
Applications:
Building Automation, Consumer Electronics, Motor Drive & Control, Industrial, Automation & Process Control, Metering
It features:
• Dual-core Arm Cortex-M0+ @ 133MHz
• 264KB of on-chip RAM
• Support for up to 16MB of off-chip Flash memory via a QSPI bus
• DMA controller
• Interpolator and integer divider peripherals
• 30 GPIO pins, 4 of which can be used as analogue inputs
• 2 × UARTs, 2 × SPI controllers, and 2 × I2C controllers
• 16 × PWM channels
• 1 × USB 1.1 controller and PHY, with host and device support
• 8 × Raspberry Pi Programmable I/O (PIO) state machines
• USB mass-storage boot mode with UF2 support, for drag-and-drop programming
Please see the RP2040 datasheet for more details
and Hardware Design with RP2040
To date, RP2040 has only been available on Raspberry Pi Pico, and as a component to a limited number of partners. We now cover the availability of RP2040 as a component to the broad market in single-unit quantities. Bulk quantities on reels of 500 and more available soon.
The Raspberry Pi is a great computer but there's just one thing that most hardware hackers will find missing: a few inputs for connecting analog sensors. This is where the MCP3008 chip comes in handy, with eight 10-bit channels accessible over SPI. Thanks to the Raspberry Pi's SPI interfaces and its two 'Chip Select' pins available off of the main GPIO connector, the problem is solved.
Features
- 10-bit resolution
- ± 1 LSB max DNL
- ± 1 LSB max INL
- 8 input channels
- Analog inputs programmable as single-ended or pseudo-differential pairs
- On-chip sample and hold
- SPI serial interface (modes 0,0 and 1,1)
- Single supply operation: 2.7V - 5.5V
- 200 ksps max. sampling rate at VDD=5V
- 75 ksps max. sampling rate at VDD=2.7V
- Low power CMOS technology
- 5 nA typical standby current, 2 µA max.
- 500 µA max. active current at 5V
- Industrial temp range: -40°C to +85°C
Applications
- Sensor Interface
- Process Control
- Data Acquisition
- Battery Operated Systems
How-To
The following sample assumes that you're running the latest official Raspbian distribution, that you're logged in as root and that you haven't yet customized Raspbian to use SPI from a Python script. By default, the kernel module managing SPI communications is not loaded on Raspbian, so let's ensure that the 'spidev' device is available.
[email protected]:/# lsmod Module Size Used by snd_bcm2835 12808 0 snd_pcm 74834 1 snd_bcm2835 snd_seq 52536 0 snd_timer 19698 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm snd_seq_device 6300 1 snd_seq snd 52489 5 snd_seq_device,snd_timer,snd_seq,snd_pcm,snd_bcm2835 snd_page_alloc 4951 1 snd_pcm
If 'spidev' device is not listed, we need to remove it from the kernel module 'blacklist' so that it's automatically loaded on the next boot:
[email protected]:/# nano /etc/modprobe.d/raspi-blacklist.conf
Put a hash character in front of the 'blacklist spi-bcm2708' statement and save the file:
#blacklist spi-bcm2708
then, manually load the SPI device:
[email protected]:/# modprobe spidev
The command should just complete without returning an error. Validate the list of modules:
[email protected]:/# lsmod Module Size Used by spi_bcm2708 4401 0 spidev 5136 0 snd_bcm2835 12808 0 snd_pcm 74834 1 snd_bcm2835 snd_seq 52536 0 snd_timer 19698 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm snd_seq_device 6300 1 snd_seq snd 52489 5 snd_seq_device,snd_timer,snd_seq,snd_pcm,snd_bcm2835 snd_page_alloc 4951 1 snd_pcm
The 'spidev' device should now be available.
Next, install the 'git' package. It will be needed to install other packages from Github.
apt-get install git-core
Install the 'python-dev' package. It will be needed to compile the 'py-spidev' package.
apt-get install python-dev
Download and compile the 'py-spidev' package.
[email protected]:/# cd /home [email protected]:/home# git clone git://github.com/doceme/py-spidev [email protected]:/home# cd py-spidev/ [email protected]:/home# python setup.py install
At this point, SPI is available from Python 2.7. Assuming that you have wired the MCP3008 to the Raspberry Pi's SPI bus using CE0 as the 'chip select' pin, you can read all eight analog inputs using the following Python script.
[email protected]:/home# nano adc.py
Paste the script below in the editor and save it.
import spidev
import time
spi = spidev.SpiDev()
spi.open(0,0)
# read SPI data from MCP3008 chip, 8 possible adc's (0 thru 7)
def readadc(adcnum):
if ((adcnum > 7) or (adcnum < 0)):
return -1
r = spi.xfer2([1,(8+adcnum)<<4,0])
adcout = ((r[1]&3) << 8) + r[2]
return adcout
while True:
for adcInput in range(0,8):
print "ADC(", adcInput,")=", readadc(adcInput)
time.sleep(1) To execute the script
[email protected]:/home# python adc.py
Sample output using a 10K Ohm trimpot connected to the ADC's pin 3 and all other pins pulled down to ground using a 10k resistor.
ADC( 0 )= 0 ADC( 1 )= 0 ADC( 2 )= 0 ADC( 3 )= 507 ADC( 4 )= 0 ADC( 5 )= 0 ADC( 6 )= 0 ADC( 7 )= 0
Credits go to Jeremy for his work on the 'py-spidev' Python module which makes working with the MCP3008 straight forward. Alternatively, checkout wiringPi's SPI functions if you prefer using a 'C' API.
Related Tutorials & Samples
74HC 595N IC
Bits: 8
Pin: 16
Logic family: HC
Logical function: shift register
Output type: 3-State
Propagation delay time: 285ns
Operating supply voltage (Typ): 2.5V / 3.3V / 5V
Operating temperature: -55°C ~ 125°C
Operating supply voltage (Min): 2V
Operating supply voltage (Max): 6V
Integrated circuit with small size and light weight, high reliability for improving the reliability of equipment.
Package includes:
1 x 74HC595N 8 bit shift register IC
Driving the Shift register
- Timing from microseconds to hours
- A stable or monostable operation
- Adjustable duty cycle
- TTL compatible output can sink or source up to 200mA
Applications
Clock & Timing, Consumer Electronics, Aerospace, Defence, Military, Embedded Design & Development
Resources:
Some Projects
Overview
Color: black
Number of pins: 28 pins (14pins / row x 2 rows)
Pin length: 2.9mm
Pitch: 2.54mm
Row to row distance: 7.62mm
Dimension: 35 x 10 x 8mm (L x W x H)
Contact termination through hole
Contact type dual wipe contact
Package includes:
1 x 28 Pins IC Sockets
Color: black
Number of pins: 8 pins
Pin length: 2.9mm
Pitch: 2.54mm
Row to row distance: 7.62mm
Dimension: 10mm x 10mm x 8mm (L x W x H)
Contact termination through hole
Contact type dual wipe contact
Package includes:
1 x 8 Pin IC sockets
1 x Circular hole 16 pin IC socket
Description:
PGA2040 is a compact RP2040 breakout intended for the most svelte and embeddable of projects. It contains only the components necessary to run the RP2040 (that's the crystal, flash, regulator and essential support circuits) and it has no fripperies like LEDs, buttons and USB connectors - you'll need to attach your own USB connector to be able to program it.
The benefits of all this drastic pruning are a tiny, 21mm square footprint and lots of exposed RP2040 pins to play with! 30 of them can be used as general purpose I/O (that's four more I/O than on a Raspberry Pi Pico) and 4 are ADC-equipped. It also has the cutest little pin labels in the known 'verse, because space is tight on this board.
Header pins are sold separately - you can solder it to standard Pico pin headers (though bear in mind you'll need 48 pins if you want to populate it fully). If you want to fully commit to the aesthetic we also have custom PGA pin headers and sockets you can use to turn PGA2040 into a full faux-retro 486-era device that can be plugged into your projects.
Like our other RP2040 boards, PGA2040 is programmable with C++, MicroPython or CircuitPython - choose your fighter!
Specifications:
- Powered by RP2040
- Dual ARM Cortex M0+ running at up to 133Mhz
- 264kB of SRAM
- 8MB of QSPI flash supporting XiP
- Crystal oscillator
- On-board 3V3 regulator (max regulator current output 300mA)
- 48 pins, arranged with 2.54mm (0.1") spacing in a Pin Grid Array
- 30 multi-function General Purpose IO (4 can be used for ADC)
- 8 GND pins
- Input voltage range 3V - 5.5V (on VB pin only)
- Measurements: approx 21mm x 21mm x 3mm (L x W x H)
- Schematic
- Eagle CAD part
What's in the box ?
1 x PGA2040
Getting Started :
PGA2040 is firmware agnostic! You can program it with C/C++ or MicroPython in the same way as you would a Raspberry Pi Pico. You can find (lots) more information on how to do that (as well as download links for the firmware/SDK) on the RP2040 landing page.
You can also use CircuitPython on your PGA2040! CircuitPython is an easy to use, well-established ecosystem with lots of example code and drivers for interfacing with different kinds of hardware. Click here to download the CircuitPython firmware for PGA2040 and click here for a getting started guide.
To program PGA2040 via USB you will need to hook wires up to VB, GND, U+ and U-. Make sure that the 5v only goes to VB on PGA2040, if it ends up elsewhere it will result in a bad time. A USB breakout board is a convenient way of getting at the wires in your USB cable, check out the extras tab for some options!
To get into BOOTSEL mode so you can flash firmware to your PGA2040, connect the BS pin to ground whilst plugging the USB into your computer.
About RP2040
Raspberry Pi's RP2040 microcontroller is a dual core ARM Cortex M0+ running at up to 133Mhz. It bundles in 264kB of SRAM, 30 multifunction GPIO pins (including a four channel 12-bit ADC), a heap of standard peripherals (I2C, SPI, UART, PWM, clocks, etc), and USB support.
One very exciting feature of RP2040 is the programmable IOs which allow you to execute custom programs that can manipulate GPIO pins and transfer data between peripherals - they can offload tasks that require high data transfer rates or precise timing that traditionally would have required a lot of heavy lifting from the CPU.
Atmel's ATMega328P 8-Bit Processor in 28 pin DIP package. It comes with 32K of program space. 23 I/O lines, 6 of which are channels for the 10-bit ADC. Runs up to 20MHz with external crystal. Package can be programmed in circuit. 1.8V to 5V operating voltage! The famous Arduino Deumilanove, and Arduino UNO is using this ATMega microcontroller. Anyhow, this microcontroller is fresh new without any bootloader.
This microcontroller is pre-loaded with Optiboot bootloader (Uno 16MHz). This means you can use Arduino code in your own project without using an actual Arduino Board. No programmer is needed anymore but you still need UC00A and basic circuit. Please select Arduino Uno Board in the Arduino IDE. We are using this microcontroller in our Breadboard Friendly Arduino (BBFuino). Therefore, you can refer to BBFuino's schematic and tutorial for more information.
What's in the box?
1 x IC ATMEGA328P
- 1