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• Maximum Load: 50 W
• Max Switching Voltage: 100V DC
• Minimum Voltage: 250V DC
• Maximum Switching Current: 0.5 A
• Max Load Current: 1.0 A
• Max Contact Resistance: 0.4 Ω
• Temp Rating: -20~ 80℃
• Net Weight: 12g
• Material: PP

If you’ve ever tried to connect a 3.3V device to a 5V system, you know what a challenge it can be. The SparkFun bi-directional logic level converter is a small device that safely steps down 5V signals to 3.3V AND steps up 3.3V to 5V at the same time.

This level converter also works with 2.8V and 1.8V devices. What really separates this Logic level converter from our previous versions is that you can successfully set your high and low voltages and step up and down between them safely on the same channel. Each level converter has the capability of converting 4 pins on the high side to 4 pins on the low side with two inputs and two outputs provided for each side.

The level converter is very easy to use. The board needs to be powered from the two voltages sources (high voltage and low voltage) that your system is using. High voltage (5V for example) to the ‘HV’ pin, low voltage (3.3V for example) to ‘LV’, and ground from the system to the ‘GND’ pin.

Dimensions: 0.63 x 0.52" (16.05 x 13.33mm)

Documents:

• Schematic
• Eagle Files
• Datasheet (BSS138)
• Hookup Guide
• GitHub
• Product Video

• 8 channels bidirectional voltage translation between different logic level, translate between Ax and Bx automatically
• 4 pairs of power supply interfaces, supports more situations
• Use tantalum capacitors for power filter, provides more stability
• Voltage level: 1.8V-6V
• Dimension: 31.6mm x 25.4mm

In the case of translating between 3.3V and 5V system:

• VCCA/VA connects to 3.3V power supply
• VCCB/VB connects to 5V power supply
• GND connects to power negative pole respectively, the two power supply should be common-grounded with each other
• When Ax has TTL 3.3V input, Bx will get TTL 5V output
• When Bx has TTL 5V input, Ax will get TTL 3.3V output
• NO direction control required

Wiki : www.waveshare.com/wiki/Logic_Level_Converter

Books at this level are intended for young coders that have enjoyed level 1 books and want to continue their coding adventure at a slightly higher level.

Python Next Steps continues the Python journey. Readers learn more about this fantastic programming language while building several useful, short applications including their own calculator. Several spare buttons will be built so that young coders can attach their own functions making this a truly programmable calculator!

Ch.1 - Data types:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Learn about data types.
   >>> Learn about tuples, lists and dictionaries.
   >>> Make a version of MyMagic8Ball that is much shorter to code than the one from Python Basics.

PythonNextSteps-Ch1.pdf

Ch.2 - Building GUIs:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Practise using tuples and dictionaries.
   >>> Review using tkinter and learn about some more widgets.
   >>> Build a GUI.
   >>> Build a glossary application that can easily be customised into a number of other simple cool apps too.

Ch.3 - Designing a Simple Calculator:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Learn about 'for loops'.
   >>> Use lists and loops to save a lot of repetitive coding.
   >>> Learn more about the tkinter button widget.
   >>> Design your own calculator application called MyCalculator.
   >>> Build a complex GUI easily.

Ch.4 - A Fully Working Calculator:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Learn how to use default values in functions creatively.
   >>> Learn about debugging.
   >>> Learn about catching and handling errors.
   >>> Delve deeper into binary numbers.
   >>> Produce a fully working calculator.

Ch.5 - Customising the Calculator:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Layout a customisable calculator.
   >>> Create some fully functioning constant buttons.
   >>> Start a module to hold the functions for our programmable buttons.
   >>> Learn a little more about how to organise code in applications.

Bonus Chapter - Algorithms:
In this Chapter you are going to:



   >>> Add code to the programmable buttons.
   >>> Learn about algorithms.
   >>> Learn about factorials.
   >>> Learn how to convert numbers to roman numerals.
   >>> Make a fully programmable calculator with some unique functions including its own customisable game.

Answers and full source code are on the resources page.

Books at level 3 are intended for young coders that are starting to want to build more involved applications. The first book at this level is Python: Building Big Apps. It introduces Object Oriented Programming (OOP) so that readers become familiar with classes and objects which are extensively used in game programming.

The book does not set out to teach perfect OOP but instead simply aims to introduce some of the concepts and to recommend that building classes allows students to organise their code in big projects in a logical and manageable way.

While learning more theory, readers will build a number of small projects ending with a big project - MyPong. The final chapter will show how building MyPong carefully allows us to quickly and easily build a BreakOut style game, an Invaders game and many more.

Ch.1 - Can you guess my password?
In this Chapter you are going to revise:

   >>> variables
   >>> if, elif and else
   >>> functions
   >>> while loops
   >>> modules.

Ch.2 - Objects, classes and factories
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> learn how to design classes
   >>> learn how to make objects from classes
   >>> start to build your own module
   >>> learn how to build larger programs one bit at a time.


PythonBuildingBigApps-Ch2.pdf

Ch.3 - Creating the Table
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> design a table class
   >>> learn a bit more about the tkinter module
   >>> build a simple graphical app.

Ch.4 - Making the Ball
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> design a ball class
   >>> learn how to add the ball to the table
   >>> learn how to animate shapes in tkinter.

Ch.5 - Building the Bats
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> design a bat class
   >>> learn how to add the bats to the table
   >>> learn how objects communicate with each other.

Ch.6 - The Rules and Scoring
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> stop the ball bouncing off the left and right walls
   >>> add a scoring system to your game
   >>> finish MyPong.

Bonus Chapter - Two more games
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> see how useful lists are for storing objects in games
   >>> see how to add many bricks at once using a loop
   >>> see how flexible your ball, bat and table classes are
   >>> produce two new games that can be further customised.

The programming language Python 3 is used to introduce the principles of programming. In this book you learn how to write simple programs that include My8Ball, a number guessing game and a small graphical application called MyEtchASketch.

More importantly, by the end of the book, you should be able to write your own short programs and be able to fully customise both the look and how the various programs you have made to your own liking.

Ch.1 - Python, IDLE & Your First Program:
In this Chapter you are going to:

   >>> Meet the programming language you are going to learn about.
   >>> Meet IDLE which will help organise and run your code easily.
   >>> Check that your computer is set up correctly.
   >>> Write and run your first program.

Chapter1.pdf

Ch.2 - Some text, some maths & going loopy:
In this Chapter you will be able to:

   >>> Learn how to do some more with texts.
   >>> Get Python to do some maths for you.
   >>> Learn about how loops work.
   >>> Learn lots of useful operators.

Ch.3 - Readable code and My8Ball Game:
In this Chapter you will be able to:

   >>> Write and save a Python file using Script Mode.
   >>> Learn how to write clear readable code.
   >>> Run a Python file.
   >>> Learn about how to get user input.
   >>> Learn about if and else clauses.
   >>> Write a short game called MyMagic8Ball.

Here is a movie of this chapter's project: my8ball.py

Ch.4 - Functions:
In this Chapter you will be able to:

   >>> Learn about functions .
   >>> Write your own functions.
   >>> Create a number guessing game.


Here is a movie of this chapter's project: myNumber.py

Ch.5 - MyEtchASketch:
In this Chapter you will be able to:

   >>> Learn how to use the tkinter library.
   >>> Make your own Etch A Sketch game.
   >>> Learn how to put an application in its own window.
   >>> Learn how to attach functions to keyboard presses.


Here is a movie of this chapter's project: myEtchaSketch.py
Here is a movie of a two player version: ourEtchaSketch.py

Click below to find the answers to the puzzles and challenges in Python Basics.

Answers